Dual Numbers, by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy & Florentin Smarandache

The concept of dual numbers was introduced in 1873 by W.K.Clifford. In this book the authors build higher dimensional dual numbers, interval dual numbers and impose some algebraic structures on them. The S-vector space of dual numbers built over a Smarandache dual ring can have eigen values and eigen vectors to be dual numbers. Complex modulo integer dual numbers and neutrosophic dual numbers are also introduced. The notion of fuzzy dual numbers can play a vital role in fuzzy models. Some research level problems are also proposed here. Keywords: dual number; interval dual number; neutrosophic dual number; higher dimensional dual number; S-vector of dual numbers; Smarandache dual ring